What Causes Neutrophilia?

Infections

Infections that are the result of staphylococci, streptococci, gonococci, pneumococci, meningococci, Escherichia coli, Actinomyces species, and Pseudomonas are known to trigger neutrophilia. Types of fungi known to cause neutrophilia consist of Candida albicans and coccidiosis immitis. Viruses known to cause individuals to develop neutrophilia include rabies, herpes zoster, varicella, poliomyelitis, smallpox, and rickettsia. Parasites can also cause neutrophilia, but typically less often than viruses and bacteria. An individual who has an abscess, appendicitis, meningitis, tonsillitis, and peritonitis can also experience neutrophilia as a result of their infection. Because neutrophils are the first white blood cells in the immune system to reach the site of cellular damage, they can be overproduced in patients when their infection induces such a reactive process in the body. A mild elevation in neutrophils during acute infection is beneficial, but anything greater can cause the blood to become too thick and produce serious complications.

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Removal Of The Spleen

An individual who has undergone removal of their spleen may develop neutrophilia as a complication of their operation. The spleen and liver are capable of producing certain blood cells when the bone marrow is not making enough. At the same time, the spleen is a key component in the process of neutrophil removal and destruction of dead and dying neutrophils from the body. There are only three tissues in the body that can perform neutrophil clearance, including the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. All three of these contribute to the neutrophil clearance process equally in most healthy individuals. However, some individuals have had to have their spleen removed due to several different conditions and diseases. Without the spleen, the liver and bone marrow are left to perform the job of clearing out neutrophils marked for apoptosis and destruction. The removal of the spleen requires at least a minimally invasive procedure that results in post-operation inflammation. This process causes an increase in the production of neutrophils, with only two-thirds of the healthy neutrophil clearance functionality left. Neutrophilia is often the result of this mechanism.

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