Causes Of Hematemesis

Bleeding Ulcers

A peptic or stomach ulcer occurs when stomach acid causes damage to the lining of the digestive tract. Most ulcers are caused by H. pylori, a bacterial infection in the stomach that weakens the mucous coating of the stomach and allows stomach acid to reach the more sensitive lining beneath it. These open sores can cause burning pain in the stomach, a feeling of bloating, heartburn, nausea, and intolerance to fatty foods. In about twenty-five percent of patients, ulcers cause no symptoms at all.

While usually not serious, ulcers can perforate the gut or bleed very heavily. Bleeding ulcers can cause anemia, shortness of breath, lightheadedness, and fatigue. A heavily bleeding ulcer may also cause black, sticky stool and bloody vomit. When a bleeding ulcer is responsible for hematemesis, the vomit usually has the color and consistency of coffee grounds.

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