What Causes Muscle Atrophy?

Muscle atrophy, also called muscle wasting, occurs when the muscles shrink and waste away. The cause is usually lack of activity, often triggered by an injury or disease making it impossible or difficult to move certain muscles. A leg or arm experiencing muscle atrophy might start to look thinner but won't be any shorter than the leg or arm that retains movement. There are some cases where muscle atrophy is reversible through physical therapy, regular exercise, and a proper diet. However, this isn't always the case, especially if the atrophy is caused by an underlying medical condition. It's important for individuals to understand the causes of muscle atrophy so they can address them with a medical professional.

Malnutrition

Malnutrition can lead to muscle atrophy as well as other serious effects on the body. Every part of the body needs the right nutrients to function. Vitamins, minerals, and proteins help supply the organs and muscles with the energy they need. In addition to being caused by having too few nutrients, malnutrition can also be caused by having too many of certain nutrients. When the muscles aren't getting the nutrition they need, they can waste away. Billions of individuals throughout the world are malnourished in some way. Even if an individual is getting the right amount of nutrients, their muscles can waste away if you aren't getting enough calories. When individuals burn more calories than they consume, their body uses the energy in its fat stores first. But when it goes through the fat stores, it will begin eating away at muscles for energy. If the muscles don't have enough protein to combat this, they can become atrophied and weak. It's also possible to consume too many calories but not get enough nutrients.

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Extended Period Of Inactivity

An extended period of inactivity can lead to muscle atrophy. This may occur with just one body part, or it may be widespread throughout the body. For example, if an individual breaks their arm, they may have it immobilized in a sling while it heals. But individuals might also experience muscle atrophy if they live a sedentary lifestyle. Those with a sedentary lifestyle tend to drive to work, sit at a desk for the whole day, sit on the couch when they get home, and then go to sleep. They don't have periods of physical exercise during the week. Researchers recommend able-bodied adults get at least twenty minutes of exercise three times a week to avoid muscle atrophy. If individuals lead a sedentary lifestyle, they may be able to reverse the effects of muscle atrophy by starting an exercise regimen. They should keep in mind their body will probably be weak, so it's best to begin slowly. If individuals are concerned about their physical activity levels, they can talk to a doctor or a fitness trainer about the most appropriate exercises.

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