What Causes Polyphagia?

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is caused by an overactive thyroid gland that releases too much of the thyroid hormone, referred to as T3 and T4, into the bloodstream. These hormones are necessary for metabolism regulation, protein synthesis, and help keep energy levels up. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include increased heartbeat, heat intolerance, frequent bowel movements, and weight loss. It causes the body to utilize energy faster than normal, which leads individuals to feel hungry more often than normal, resulting in polyphagia. Treatment for this condition is often difficult but can be done with radioactive iodine. This treatment may, however, cause hypothyroidism, the polar opposite, which requires medication to regulate thyroid hormone production.

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Diabetes

Polyphagia is one of the three key symptoms of type 1 diabetes, along with polyuria and polydipsia. The body does not produce insulin in type 1 diabetes, and the body does not use insulin efficiently in type 2 diabetes. Insulin is the hormone released by the pancreas to transport blood sugar to all of the body’s cells. The cells then use the blood sugar, or glucose, for energy and necessary cellular function. When the insulin is not working properly, blood sugar leaves the body as waste instead of being used as fuel. This leads to lower blood sugar levels and the desire to eat constantly. Diabetes patients can control blood sugar levels with a balanced diet, exercise, and by taking their medications.

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