Causes And Risk Factors Associated With Vocal Cord Paralysis

Presence Of A Tumor

The presence of a tumor may cause paralysis of one vocal cord. Normally, tumors that lead to vocal cord paralysis are located in or around the cartilage, nerves, and muscles of the larynx, though occasionally, tumors of the neck, chest, and brain may also result in this condition. Both benign (noncancerous) and malignant (cancerous) tumors may impact the vocal cords. The symptoms associated with tumors in or near the larynx include a hoarse voice and many of the same signs associated with vocal cord paralysis itself. For this reason, patients who notice any unusual changes to their voice that persist for more than two weeks should visit a throat specialist promptly. To differentiate between vocal cord paralysis and a tumor, patients may need to have specialized CT or MRI scans, and they could also need to have an endoscopy. If a tumor is discovered, treatment will depend on its size and location. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy may all be needed, and patients will be referred to an oncologist.

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Certain Infections

Certain infections may produce temporary or permanent paralysis of one of the vocal cords. For example, research has shown the Epstein-Barr virus, herpes, and Lyme disease lead to inflammation that can cause direct damage to the nerves serving the larynx. Viral or bacterial infections that inflame or injure the vagus nerve, which branches off into the larynx, may also result in vocal cord paralysis. Some research suggests the common cold could also trigger this condition. To diagnose infections that impact the vocal cords, doctors will perform a physical examination, and patients may also need to have blood tests, x-rays, or other advanced imaging studies. Depending on the cause of the infection, antibiotics, antifungal medicine, or intravenous infusions may be beneficial in clearing the infection from the body.

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