Causes, Risk Factors & Complications Of Cystic Fibrosis

Chronic Infections

Chronic infections of the lungs are a common symptom found in patients with cystic fibrosis. In healthy individuals, mucus is easily and safely removed from the lungs on a regular basis. However, in patients with cystic fibrosis, this process does not occur normally—over time, large amounts of thick mucus accumulate in the lungs and can't be flushed out. Unfortunately, this mucus is a breeding ground for harmful bacteria. Most commonly, cystic fibrosis patients contract Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a form of pneumonia. This can be difficult to treat because of its recurring nature and also because the infection is increasingly becoming resistant to treatment.

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Hemoptysis

Hemoptysis, or coughing up blood, is a potentially concerning complication associated with the lung infections caused by cystic fibrosis. When an infection irritates a blood vessel in the lungs, it can cause it to bleed, leading to the presence of blood in the mucus discharge that's coughed up. It's estimated that up to half of all adults living with cystic fibrosis will experience this side effect at some point in their lives. While this can be a frightening sight for patients, hemoptysis is generally not a cause for concern, as long as the amount of blood coughed up isn't more than one cup per twenty minutes. However, larger amounts can be potentially dangerous and should be reported to a doctor.

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