Histoplasmosis: Complications And Prevention

Meningitis

Meningitis is one of the most severe complications histoplasmosis may cause. The condition results in swelling of the membranes that protect both the brain and spinal cord. It is normally caused by bacteria or by a virus, and the bacterial form is particularly dangerous. Occasionally, meningitis caused by a fungus may mimic the symptoms of the bacterial form. Meningitis is considered a potentially life-threatening infection that requires immediate treatment. Symptoms include a fever, severe headaches, and a stiff neck. Patients may also experience light sensitivity, seizures, confusion, vomiting, and a rash.

To diagnose meningitis, doctors perform a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid. Blood cultures and imaging studies may also be needed. Treatment for meningitis normally consists of intravenous antibiotics, and corticosteroids are sometimes added. Several vaccines are available that can prevent the bacterial form of this infection.

Avoid Exposure To The Fungus

To reduce the risk of developing histoplasmosis, doctors routinely recommend that patients avoid exposure to the fungus. Individuals who have cancer, HIV, or other chronic health conditions that compromise the immune system may wish to completely avoid doing any activities that could cause them to come into contact with this fungus. For example, public health officials encourage patients with weakened immune systems to avoid cleaning out chicken or pigeon coops and exploring caves. They also advise that patients should not dig soil or chop wood in areas with evidence of bird or bat droppings.

Caution should be used when demolishing, renovating, or remodeling homes or other properties. If patients notice large amounts of droppings from birds or bats on their property, they should contact professional cleaners to get rid of these. If a patient believes they may be working in an area where the fungus is present, they should wear a respirator mask and other safety gear as appropriate.