Guide To The Most Common Antidepressants

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Like tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) were introduced in the 1950s. These medications are typically prescribed today after selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other antidepressants have been tried first. Examples of MAOIs include tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid, selegiline, and phenelzine. The effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors often take up to three weeks to be felt by the patient, and they are generally continued for at least six months after the patient's depression resolves. MAOIs are especially beneficial for patients who have atypical depression. Those with this condition have features that are inconsistent with other recognized types of depression; these may include a heavy feeling in the arms and legs, excessive drowsiness, and an improvement in symptoms if a positive event occurs in the patient's life. While taking MAOIs, patients should not consume any foods or drinks containing tyramine, including alcohol. Doing so could cause a dangerous and sudden increase in blood pressure. Patients should also avoid over-the-counter cough and cold remedies that contain dextromethorphan. Potential side effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors include weight gain, hypertension, dizziness, lightheadedness, dry mouth, diarrhea, and difficulty urinating.

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